Showing posts with label Education. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Education. Show all posts
11 Terrifying Secrets Of The Moon
Secrets of the Moon :
The Moon is Earth's only known natural satellite, the fifth largest satellite in the Solar System. It is the largest natural satellite of a planet in the Solar System relative to the size of its primary, having a quarter the diameter of Earth and 1⁄81 its mass. The Moon is the second densest satellite after Io, a satellite of Jupiter.
The Moon's gravitational influence produces the ocean tides and the minute lengthening of the day. The Moon's current orbital distance, about thirty times the diameter of the Earth, causes it to appear almost the same size in the sky as the Sun, allowing it to cover the Sun nearly precisely in total solar eclipses.
Blanketed on top of the Moon's crust is a highly comminuted (broken into ever smaller particles) and impact gardened surface layer called regolith, formed by impact processes. The finer regolith, the lunar soil of silicon dioxide glass, has a texture like snow and smell like spent gunpowder
Liquid water cannot persist on the lunar surface. When exposed to solar radiation, water quickly decomposes through a process known as photodissociation and is lost to space. However since the 1960s, scientists have hypothesized that water ice may be deposited by impacting comets or possibly produced by the reaction of oxygen-rich lunar rocks, and hydrogen from solar wind, leaving traces of water which could possibly survive in cold, permanently shadowed craters at either pole on the Moon
The gravitational field of the Moon has been measured through tracking the Doppler shift of radio signals emitted by orbiting spacecraft. The main lunar gravity features are mascons, large positive gravitational anomalies associated with some of the giant impact basins, partly caused by the dense mare basaltic lava flows that fill these basins. These anomalies greatly influence the orbit of spacecraft about the Moon. There are some puzzles: lava flows by themselves cannot explain all of the gravitational signature, and some mascons exist that are not linked to mare volcanism
The Moon has an atmosphere so tenuous as to be nearly vacuum, with a total mass of less than 10 metric tons. The surface pressure of this small mass is around 3 × 10-15 atm (0.3 nPa); it varies with the lunar day. Its sources include outgassing and sputtering, the release of atoms from the bombardment of lunar soil by solar wind ions. Elements that have been detected include sodium and potassium, produced by sputtering, which are also found in the atmospheres of Mercury and Io; helium-4 from the solar wind; and argon-40, radon-222, and polonium-210, outgassed after their creation by radioactive decay within the crust and mantle
The Moon's axial tilt is only 1.54°, much less than the 23.44° of the Earth. Because of this, the Moon's solar illumination varies much less with season, and topographical details play a crucial role in seasonal effects. From images taken by Clementine in 1994, it appears that four mountainous regions on the rim of Peary crater at the Moon's north pole remain illuminated for the entire lunar day, creating peaks of eternal light
The Moon is exceptionally large relative to the Earth: a quarter the diameter of the planet and 1/81 its mass. It is the second largest moon orbiting an object in the solar system relative to the size of its planet. Charon is larger relative to the dwarf planet Pluto, at slightly more than 1/9 (11.6%) of Pluto's mass
The Moon has an exceptionally low albedo, giving it a similar reflectance to coal. Despite this, it is the second brightest object in the sky after the Sun. This is partly due to the brightness enhancement of the opposition effect; at quarter phase, the Moon is only one-tenth as bright, rather than half as bright, as at full Moon
Additionally, colour constancy in the visual system recalibrates the relations between the colours of an object and its surroundings, and since the surrounding sky is comparatively dark, the sunlit Moon is perceived as a bright object. The edges of the full Moon seem as bright as the centre, with no limb darkening, due to the reflective properties of lunar soil, which reflects more light back towards the Sun than in other directions.
The Moon does appear larger when close to the horizon, but this is a purely psychological effect, known as the Moon illusion, first described in the 7th century BC. The full Moon subtends an arc of about 0.52° (on average) in the sky, roughly the same apparent size as the Sun
The Moon is Earth's only known natural satellite, the fifth largest satellite in the Solar System. It is the largest natural satellite of a planet in the Solar System relative to the size of its primary, having a quarter the diameter of Earth and 1⁄81 its mass. The Moon is the second densest satellite after Io, a satellite of Jupiter.
The Moon's gravitational influence produces the ocean tides and the minute lengthening of the day. The Moon's current orbital distance, about thirty times the diameter of the Earth, causes it to appear almost the same size in the sky as the Sun, allowing it to cover the Sun nearly precisely in total solar eclipses.
Blanketed on top of the Moon's crust is a highly comminuted (broken into ever smaller particles) and impact gardened surface layer called regolith, formed by impact processes. The finer regolith, the lunar soil of silicon dioxide glass, has a texture like snow and smell like spent gunpowder
Liquid water cannot persist on the lunar surface. When exposed to solar radiation, water quickly decomposes through a process known as photodissociation and is lost to space. However since the 1960s, scientists have hypothesized that water ice may be deposited by impacting comets or possibly produced by the reaction of oxygen-rich lunar rocks, and hydrogen from solar wind, leaving traces of water which could possibly survive in cold, permanently shadowed craters at either pole on the Moon
The gravitational field of the Moon has been measured through tracking the Doppler shift of radio signals emitted by orbiting spacecraft. The main lunar gravity features are mascons, large positive gravitational anomalies associated with some of the giant impact basins, partly caused by the dense mare basaltic lava flows that fill these basins. These anomalies greatly influence the orbit of spacecraft about the Moon. There are some puzzles: lava flows by themselves cannot explain all of the gravitational signature, and some mascons exist that are not linked to mare volcanism
The Moon has an atmosphere so tenuous as to be nearly vacuum, with a total mass of less than 10 metric tons. The surface pressure of this small mass is around 3 × 10-15 atm (0.3 nPa); it varies with the lunar day. Its sources include outgassing and sputtering, the release of atoms from the bombardment of lunar soil by solar wind ions. Elements that have been detected include sodium and potassium, produced by sputtering, which are also found in the atmospheres of Mercury and Io; helium-4 from the solar wind; and argon-40, radon-222, and polonium-210, outgassed after their creation by radioactive decay within the crust and mantle
The Moon's axial tilt is only 1.54°, much less than the 23.44° of the Earth. Because of this, the Moon's solar illumination varies much less with season, and topographical details play a crucial role in seasonal effects. From images taken by Clementine in 1994, it appears that four mountainous regions on the rim of Peary crater at the Moon's north pole remain illuminated for the entire lunar day, creating peaks of eternal light
The Moon is exceptionally large relative to the Earth: a quarter the diameter of the planet and 1/81 its mass. It is the second largest moon orbiting an object in the solar system relative to the size of its planet. Charon is larger relative to the dwarf planet Pluto, at slightly more than 1/9 (11.6%) of Pluto's mass
The Moon has an exceptionally low albedo, giving it a similar reflectance to coal. Despite this, it is the second brightest object in the sky after the Sun. This is partly due to the brightness enhancement of the opposition effect; at quarter phase, the Moon is only one-tenth as bright, rather than half as bright, as at full Moon
Additionally, colour constancy in the visual system recalibrates the relations between the colours of an object and its surroundings, and since the surrounding sky is comparatively dark, the sunlit Moon is perceived as a bright object. The edges of the full Moon seem as bright as the centre, with no limb darkening, due to the reflective properties of lunar soil, which reflects more light back towards the Sun than in other directions.
The Moon does appear larger when close to the horizon, but this is a purely psychological effect, known as the Moon illusion, first described in the 7th century BC. The full Moon subtends an arc of about 0.52° (on average) in the sky, roughly the same apparent size as the Sun
24 Free schools set to open in UK during the month of September
A total of 24 new free schools set up by parents, faith groups and others will open in England next month.
The state-funded but semi-independent schools have mostly been created in the 15 months since the coalition came to power.
Education Secretary Michael Gove says the schools will drive up standards, especially in poorer areas.
But critics say they will take resources and pupils from other schools and lead to less local accountability.
The schools will open in church halls, listed buildings and temporary classrooms, as well as in former office blocks and libraries which are being refurbished.
The free schools programme was one of the Conservatives' flagship policies in the last election.
About half of the schools opening next month only signed their final contracts with the government in the past few weeks, although their plans and works were advanced and children had been recruited.
There had been applications from 323 groups.
A total of 17 of the new schools are primaries, 5 are secondaries and 2 are "all-age" schools.
Eight are in London, with eight more in other parts of southern England, three in the midlands and five in the north.
Some of the schools are being set up by academy trusts or chains - groups which are already behind several academies in England.
Academies are similar to free schools in that they are also funded directly from central government (as all state schools will be under planned changes), sit outside local authority control and have more control over the pay and conditions of staff than other schools.
The government says half of the new free schools are in deprived areas. Some critics of the free schools programme have claimed they will be set up and used mainly by the middle classes.
Mr Gove said: "The most important thing for any parent is to be able to send their child to a good local school, with high standards and strong discipline. That is why we are opening free schools across the country. I am delighted to announce that the first 24 will open this year".
"Too many children are being failed by fundamental flaws in our education system. The weakest schools are concentrated in our poorest towns and cities, and we are plummeting down the international education league tables.
"By freeing up teachers and trusting local communities to decide what is best, our reforms will help to raise standards for children in all schools."
The government has also given details of the amount of money it expects to spend in capital costs, on buildings for the first 24 free schools.
It says current estimates put this at between £110m and £130m.
Originally it had set aside £50m in capital funding, when the policy was announced. It says that amount was for free schools in 2010-11.
Many of the schools will start up in temporary accommodation, both on and off their permanent sites.
There are shortages of primary school places in London and the Midlands and the government hopes these new schools will help ease that problem.
'Reckless experiment'
Strong opposition to the new free schools has come from some Labour and Liberal Democrat MPs, as well as the teaching unions, who say they will take resources and pupils from other schools and destabilise the system.
Chris Keates, the general secretary of the NASUWT teaching union, describes the free schools programme as a "reckless experiment with the future of children and young people".
"There is no evidence that the free school model raises standards but there is evidence from abroad, especially Sweden, where there are huge concerns," she said.
"Free schools have been selective and socially divisive - and there is no evidence they have raised standards."
The government says the US Charter schools movement is closer to its free school programme and that in Chicago and New York, Charter schools have helped close the achievement gap between rich and poor students.
More applications for free schools are in the pipeline.
The schools opening in September are:
- Aldborough E-ACT Free School, Redbridge
- All Saints Junior School, Reading
- ARK Conway Primary Academy, Hammersmith & Fulham
- ARK Atwood Primary Academy, Westminster
- Batley Grammar School, Kirklees
- Bradford Science Academy, Bradford
- Bristol Free School, Bristol
- Canary Wharf College, Tower Hamlets
- Discovery New School,West Sussex
- Eden Primary School, Haringey
- Etz Chaim Primary School, Barnet
- The Free School, Norwich Norfolk
- Krishna-Avanti Primary School Leicester
- Langley Hall Primary Academy Slough
- Maharishi School, Lathom Lancashire
- Moorlands School, Luton
- Nishkam Free School, Birmingham
- Priors Free School, Warwickshire
- Rainbow Free School, Bradford
- Sandbach School, Cheshire
- St Luke's Church of England Primary School, Camden
- Stour Valley Community School, Suffolk
- West London Free School, Hammersmith & Fulham
- Woodpecker Hall Primary Academy, Enfield
10th pass outs supported by Infosys foundation : Prerna NGO
If you have come across any bright students coming from poor financial background who have finished their 10th standard this year, and scored more than 80%, please ask them to contact the NGO-Prerana (supported by Infosys foundation). The NGO is conducting a written test and those who clear the test will be eligible for financial help for their further studies. Please ask the students to contact the people mentioned below to get the form:
580,Shubhakar,
44th cross, 1st A main road, Jayanagar 7th block,
Bangalore
Please go through these details if you want to help students.
We support only Bangalore Urban students. The student has to undergo a qualifying test which is on 29th of May, 2011. Let the parents of the students come and meet us at the below said address. They need to carry few documents with them while coming, Such as
1) Student SSLC Marks card copy
2) Student Parents salary certificate
3) Parents ID proof such as Voters ID, Ration Card, Electricity bill etc.,
4) House rent or Lease agreement.
Our Office address :
#28, Neeladri, 3rd main, Basappa layout,
Gavipuram Extension, Hanumanthanagar,
Bangalore - 560 019
Ph: 080 - 2660 1105 / 6533 7823
Contact numbers:
* 1. Ms. Saraswati - 99009 26505***
* 2. Mr. Shivkumar - 99866 30301***
* 3. Ms. Bindu - 99645 34667
eMail- preranabangalore@gmail.com
Even if you don't know anyone, please pass on this info, someone might be in need of this help!!!!!!
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